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SAVA Language Policy
PRE-AMBLE AND INTRODUCTION In line with Section 6 of the Constitution of 1996, with the 2012 Use of Official Languages Act, this Policy is concerned with the development and promotion of respect for all languages used by South Africans, and in particular, with the equitable use of the official provincial languages by the South African
Guidelines for the medical management of rabies in South Africa
(Issued by The Department of health) Preventive Vaccination (No Exposure) People at high risk of exposure to rabies, such as veterinarians, veterinary officials, staff at veterinary practices and welfare organisations should be advised to undergo preventative pre-exposure immunisation. The pre-exposure schedule for rabies vaccination is 3 doses, given at the following times:Dose 1: As appropriateDose 2:
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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severe, fast-spreading viral disease that primarily affects cloven-hoofed animals, including cows, pigs, sheep, goats, and deer.
FMD is one of the most challenging animal diseases to control. Although most infected animals survive, they’re left weak and unable to produce the level of meat and milk prior to infection. FMD was first discovered in the United States in 1870 and eradicated in 1929.
FMD is not a human health or food safety threat. The disease is not related to hand, foot, and mouth disease, a common childhood illness caused by a different virus.
There are 7 known types and more than 60 subtypes of the FMD virus, meaning immunity to one type doesn’t protect animals against other types or subtypes. The first signs of illness usually appear within 2 to 14 days after infection. Here’s what to look for:
- Fever
- Great increase in temperature for 2 to 3 days
- Blisters/Vesicles
- Blisters can develop on the tongue and lips, in and around the mouth, on the mammary glands, and around the hooves. They rupture and discharge clear or cloudy fluid.
- Erosions
- When blisters pop, they leave raw, eroded areas surrounded by ragged fragments of loose tissue.
- Excess saliva
- Infected animals may have sticky, foamy, and stringy saliva.
- Loss of appetite
- Painful tongue and mouth blisters may lead animals to eat less.
- Lameness and a reluctance to move or stand
- Abortions
- Animals can experience spontaneous abortions and sterility.
- Milk
- Dairy cows may have low milk production.
- Heart disease and death
- These symptoms are especially prevalent in newborn animals.
You can help prevent FMD. Take these steps:
- Report signs of disease. Livestock owners, livestock transport and slaughter personnel, and private veterinarians should watch for symptoms of FMD and immediately report sick animals to Federal, State, Tribal, or local animal health officials. This is especially important if the animals in question have had contact with other animals at locations like livestock markets, feedlots, or fairgrounds.
- Be careful what you pack. When traveling outside of the United States, don’t bring back any prohibited items (including food) or dirty footwear or clothing that could potentially move the FMD virus or other disease agents.
- Declare to U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Upon entering the United States, travelers should indicate to U.S. Customs any visits to farms, ranches, or other areas where livestock are raised or kept. You should also declare any visits to zoos, circuses, fairs, and other facilities or events where animals were exhibited.
- Follow a “5-day” rule. If you visited a farm or had any contact with livestock on your trip, you should avoid all contact with livestock, zoo animals, or wildlife for 5 days after you return to the United States. If you’re returning with pet dogs or cats that have had contact with livestock or been in areas frequented by livestock, make sure your pet’s feet, fur, and bedding are free of any dirt or mud and that their bedding doesn’t contain straw, hay, or other natural materials. Bathe your pet as soon as you reach your final destination and keep it from all livestock for at least 5 days after returning to the United States.
In the event of an outbreak, APHIS may authorize the use of a vaccine to help prevent further spread and protect healthy animals.